Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is a metabolic condition resulting from insulin resistance (IR) that, in 2021, affected approximately 537 million people between 20 and 79 years. Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), commonly known as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD affects approximately 40% of people with type 2 DM in the U…