Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibits systemic inflammation, which is characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-±), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (INF-g). Another common disorder in patients with CKD is hypovitaminosis D and / or vitamin D metabolism disorders. It is postulated that hypovitaminosis D favors the activation o…