Abstract
The most commonly used material for implants is titanium and there are commercially available yttria partially stabilized zirconia ceramic implants (3Y-TZP). However, in the presence of fluid (body fluid), 3Y-TZP presents a transition from the tetragonal to the monoclinic crystalline phase, which leads to a 3-4% volume expansion, microcracks that may lead to fracture of the piece. Therefo…