Abstract
In cattle, an antral follicle requires approximately 40 days to develop into a pre-ovulatory follicle. However, when the follicle is aspirated and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are placed in in vitro maturation (IVM) media, nuclear maturation occurs in less than 24 hours, resulting in a desynchronization between nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Cytoplasmic immaturity leads to inadequ…