Abstract
Communication between macrophages (MÆ) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is fundamental to bone regeneration process. Shortly after the injury, there is a MÆM1 (pro-inflammatory) predominance, recruiting cells such as MSCs, and secreting molecules that stimulate the inflammatory process. Over time, and with the influence of MSCs exosomes, a transition to the MÆM2 (anti-inflammatory) pheno…