Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common neoplasm, being the second most aggressive of the urinary tract. Its aggressiveness depends on its invasive capacity, which is linked to the process of mesenchymal epithelial transition (EMT). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase-1 (IDO1) is an enzyme known for its immunomodulatory action and has been associated with TGF-²1-mediated EMT in bladder carcinoma. From the abo…