Abstract
Plasticizers are chemical additives that impart flexibility, lightness, and durability to plasticpolymers. Over the past decade, widely used phthalate plasticizers such as Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Bisphenol A have faced restrictions in food, packaging, toys, and medicaldevices due to their documented health risks, including endocrine disruption and fertilityimpairment. In response, n…