Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant neoplasm that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephrons. The disease is responsible for 2% of all cancer diagnoses and deaths in the world and 85% of all kidney tumors, being classified as the seventh most common form of cancer in the developed world. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subty…