Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) exhibits high osseoinductive capacity. We have demonstrated that Ti with nanotopography (Ti-Nano) generated by treatment with H2SO4 and H2O2 favors osteoblast differentiation by modulating several cell signaling pathways and that mesenchymal stem cells grown on this nanotopography are more responsive to BMP-9. In this context, the aim of this study…