Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2 to 3% of human malignant tumors and it is the most aggressive urological tumor. The most frequent subtype of RCC is the clear cell (ccRCC) one. Most of the patients with ccRCC have a mutation in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. The inactivation of the VHL gene interrupts the normal regulation of HIF, leading to alte…