Abstract
The sialic acids are monosaccharides composed of nine carbons and are mostly presented in the cell surface of vertebrates. Among them, N-acetylneuraminic acid and the N-glycolylneuraminic acid are the major groups of sialic acid in mammals. However, in humans, the Neu5Gc is not synthesized due to one mutation in the Cmah gene, responsible for the hydroxylation of Neu5Ac into Neu5Gc. The…