Abstract
Most of the initial studies on edge localized modes (ELMs) in tokamaks have focused on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability calculations. These early works focused on infinite toroidal mode number (n) ballooning modes and low-n kink modes. Subsequent works emphasized the role of intermediate-n (3 < n < 40), coupled peeling-ballooning (P-B) modes as the limiting plasma instability in the pe…