Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents approximately 2-3% of malignant tumors in humans is the most aggressive of urologic cancers. The most frequent subtype of RCC is clear cell (ccRCC). Most patients have mutations in tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) which results in increased transcription of various angiogenic factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). …