Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). This alteration impairs blood flow, increases red blood cell fragility, and causes chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and endothelial dysfunction. Vaso-occlusive crises, the hallmark events of the disease, can result in severe pain, tissu…