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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Cerebal overinhibition could be the basis for the high prevalence of epilepsy in persons with Down syndrome

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Author(s):
Silva Araujo, Bruno Henrique [1] ; Torres, Laila Brito [2, 3] ; Guilhoto, Laura Maria F. F. [4]
Total Authors: 3
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Unifesp EPM, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Lab Neurociencias, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[2] Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[3] Ctr Sul Brasileiro Pesquisa Extensao & Posgrad, CENSUPEG, Joinville, SC - Brazil
[4] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Unifesp EPM, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 4
Document type: Review article
Source: Epilepsy & Behavior; v. 53, p. 120-125, DEC 2015.
Web of Science Citations: 4
Abstract

Down syndrome(DS) is the most common cause of genetic intellectual disability, and the trisomy 21 is associated with more than 80 clinical traits, including higher risk for epilepsy. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the mechanisms underlying increased seizure susceptibility in DS: inherent structural brain abnormalities, abnormal cortical lamination, disruption of normal dendritic morphology, and underdeveloped synaptic profiles. A deficiency or loss of GABA inhibition is hypothesized to be one of the main alterations related to the epileptogenic process. Paradoxically, enhanced GABA inhibition has also been reported to promote seizures. One major functional abnormality observed in the brains of individuals and mouse models with DS appears to be an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, with excessive inhibitory brain function. This review discusses the GABAergic systemin the human DS brain and the possible implication of the GABAergic network circuit in the epileptogenic process in individuals where the pathogenetic basis for epilepsy is unknown. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 14/08049-1 - The role of astrocytes in the synaptic plasticity of neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from Down Syndrome patients
Grantee:Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo Torres
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral