On a new species of titi monkey (Primates: Plecturocebus Byrne et al., 2016), from Alta Floresta, southern Amazon, Brazil

Author(s):Show less -

Boubli, Jean P. ^{[1, 2]} ; Byrne, Hazel ^[3] ; da Silva, Maria N. F. ^[1] ; Silva-Junior, Jose ^[4] ; Araujo, Rodrigo Costa ^[1] ; Bertuol, Fabricio ; Goncalves, Jonas ^[1] ; de Melo, Fabiano R. ^{[5, 6]} ; Rylands, Anthony B. ^[7] ; Mittermeier, Russell A. ^[7] ; Silva, Felipe E. ; Nash, Stephen D. ^[8] ; Canale, Gustavo ; Alencar, Raony de M. ^[9] ; Rossi, Rogerio V. ^{[10, 11]} ; Carneiro, Jeferson ^[12] ; Sampaio, Iracilda ^[12] ; Farias, Izeni P. ; Schneider, Horacio ^[12] ; Hrbek, Tomas

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus - Brazil

^[2] Univ Salford, Salford, Lancs - England

^[3] UCLA Inst Soc & Genet, Los Angeles, CA - USA

^[4] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG - Brazil

^[6] Univ Fed Goias, Regional Jatai, Go - Brazil

^[7] Global Wildlife Conservat, Austin, TX - USA

^[8] Inst Desenvolvimento Sustentavel, Mamiraua - Brazil

^[9] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 - USA

^[10] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, MG - Brazil

^[11] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, PPG Ecol & Conservacao, Cuiaba, MG - Brazil

^[12] Fed Univ Para, Curitiba, Parana - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution; v. 132, p. 117-137, MAR 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 3

Abstract

The taxonomy of the titi monkeys (Callicebinae) has recently received considerable attention. It is now recognised that this subfamily is composed of three genera with 33 species, seven of them described since 2002. Here, we describe a new species of titi, Plecturocebus, from the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We adopt an integrative taxonomic approach that includes phylogenomic analyses, pelage characters, and locality records. A reduced representation genome-wide approach was employed to assess phylogenetic relationships among species of the eastern Amazonian clade of the Plecturocebus moloch group. Using existing records, we calculated the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of the new species and estimated future habitat loss for the region based on predictive models. We then evaluated the species' conservation status using the IUCN Red list categories and criteria. The new species presents a unique combination of morphological characters: (1) grey agouti colouration on the crown and dorsal parts; (2) entirely bright red-brown venter; (3) an almost entirely black tail with a pale tip; and (4) light yellow colouration of the hair on the cheeks contrasting with bright redbrown hair on the sides of the face. Our phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods revealed well-supported species relationships, with the Alta Floresta taxon as sister to P. moloch + P. vieirai. The species EOO is 10,166,653 ha and we predict a total habitat loss of 86% of its original forest habitat under a ``business as usual{''} scenario in the next 24 years, making the newly discovered titi monkey a Critically Endangered species under the IUCN A3c criterion. We give the new titi monkey a specific epithet based on: (1) clear monophyly of this lineage revealed by robust genomic and mitochondrial data; (2) distinct and diagnosable pelage morphology; and (3) a well-defined geographical distribution with clear separation from other closely related taxa. Urgent conservation measures are needed to safeguard the future of this newly discovered and already critically endangered primate. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/50260-6 - Structure and evolution of the Amazonian biota and its environment: an integrative approach
• Grantee: Lúcia Garcez Lohmann
• Support Opportunities: BIOTA-FAPESP Program - Thematic Grants