| Full text | |
| Author(s): |
Verdaguer, Ignasi Bofill
;
Crispim, Marcell
;
Hernandez, Agustin
;
Katzin, Alejandro Miguel
Total Authors: 4
|
| Document type: | Journal article |
| Source: | Molecules; v. 27, n. 24, p. 15-pg., 2022-12-01. |
| Abstract | |
Isoprenoids are the output of the polymerization of five-carbon, branched isoprenic chains derived from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Isoprene units are consecutively condensed to form longer structures such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (FPP and GGPP, respectively), necessary for the biosynthesis of several metabolites. Polyprenyl transferases and synthases use polyprenyl pyrophosphates as their natural substrates; however, it is known that free polyprenols, such as farnesol (FOH), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be incorporated into prenylated proteins, ubiquinone, cholesterol, and dolichols. Furthermore, FOH and GGOH have been shown to block the effects of isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors such as fosmidomycin, bisphosphonates, or statins in several organisms. This phenomenon is the consequence of a short pathway, which was observed for the first time more than 25 years ago: the polyprenol salvage pathway, which works via the phosphorylation of FOH and GGOH. Biochemical studies in bacteria, animals, and plants suggest that this pathway can be carried out by two enzymes: a polyprenol kinase and a polyprenyl-phosphate kinase. However, to date, only a few genes have been unequivocally identified to encode these enzymes in photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, pieces of evidence for the importance of this pathway abound in studies related to infectious diseases, cancer, dyslipidemias, and nutrition, and to the mitigation of the secondary effects of several drugs. Furthermore, nowadays it is known that both FOH and GGOH can be incorporated via dietary sources that produce various biological effects. This review presents, in a simplified but comprehensive manner, the most important data on the FOH and GGOH salvage pathway, stressing its biomedical importance The main objective of this review is to bring to light the need to discover and characterize the kinases associated with the isoprenoid salvage pathway in animals and pathogens. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 14/10443-0 - Mechanisms and consequences of intracellular traffic impairment by 8- and 14-dehydrosterols in fungal parasite models |
| Grantee: | Agustín Hernández López |
| Support Opportunities: | Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants |
| FAPESP's process: | 19/13419-6 - Study of the effects of ubiquinone biosynthesis inhibition on the intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum |
| Grantee: | Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/22452-1 - Biosynthesis of isoprenoids in Plasmodium falciparum: evaluation of possible targets to obtain new anti-malarial drugs |
| Grantee: | Alejandro Miguel Katzin |
| Support Opportunities: | Research Projects - Thematic Grants |
| FAPESP's process: | 18/02924-9 - Isoprenoid precursor transport as fosmidomycin recrudescence factor in intraeritrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum |
| Grantee: | Marcell Crispim |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral |