Environmental Persistence of the Antidepressant Fluoxetine and Its Pharmaceutical Alternative: Kinetics of Oxidation and Mathematical Simulations

Author(s)

Souza, Larissa P. ; Carneiro, Joao G. M. ; Lastre-Acosta, Arlen M. ; Ramos, Bruno ; Teixeira, Antonio C. S. C.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: WATER; v. 14, n. 21, p. 13-pg., 2022-11-01.

Abstract

To investigate the impact of antidepressants (ANT) in water, estimates of the direct and indirect photolysis of standard fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) and a pharmaceutical alternative, fluoxetine sulfate (FLXSO4), were evaluated. The second-order kinetic constants of the ANT and reactive photoinduced species (RPS) (singlet oxygen, O-1(2); hydroxyl radicals, HO center dot; and triplet excited states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, (CDOM)-C-3*) were obtained by competition kinetics under simulated solar radiation. These parameters were used in combination with water characteristics to assess the environmental persistence of the ANT based on mathematical kinetic simulations. The results indicated that the reactions with HO center dot (k(FLX),HO center dot = (2.54 +/- 0.06) x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1); k(FLXSO)(4),HO center dot = (3.07 +/- 0.03) x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) and (CDOM)-C-3* (k(FLX),(CDOM)-C-3* = (2.67 +/- 0.05) x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1); k(FLXSO)(4),(CDOM)-C-3* = (1.48 +/- 0.03) x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) play a more important role in the degradation of ANT compared to the reactions with O-1(2) (k(FLX,)(1)O(2) = (1.37 +/- 0.07) x 10(7) L mol(-1) s(-1); k(FLXSO)(4),O-1(2) = (1.63 +/- 0.33) x 10(7) L mol(-1) s(-1)). The main removal pathways were biodegradation and direct photolysis with persistence in the following order FLX > FLXSO4. Therefore, the presence of sulfate anions can contribute to the degradation of fluoxetine in sunlit environmental waters. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/24158-9 - Environmental fate of emerging pollutants in surface waters and sustainable alternatives for their mitigation: a hybrid experimental & theoretical approach
• Grantee: Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants