Influence of Viscosity and Thickener on the Effects of Bleaching Gels

Author(s)

Torres, C. R. G. ; Moecke, S. E. ; Mafetano, A. P. V. P. ; Cornelio, L. F. ; Di Nicolo, R. ; Borgesd, A. B.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Operative Dentistry; v. 47, n. 3, p. 12-pg., 2022-05-01.

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the influence of the viscosity and kind of thickener of 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels on the tooth (color change, demineralization of enamel, and permeation) and on the gel [reactive oxygen species (ROS), pH, and peroxide concentration]. Methods and Materials: Two hundred forty specimens were divided into groups of bleaching gels with different thickeners (CAR, carbomer; ASE, alkali swellable emulsion; MSA, modified sulfonic acid polymer; SSP, semisynthetic polysaccharide; PAC, particulate colloids) in three viscosities (low: 50,000 cP; medium: 250,000 cP; high: 1,000,000 cP). Color change (Delta Eab), demineralization of enamel by Knoop microhardness (KHN) reduction analysis, and peroxide permeation (PP) were analyzed in the specimens, while pH, peroxide concentration (PC), and ROS were evaluated in the gels. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05). Results: The higher viscosity gels reduced Delta Eab, PP, enamel softening, and ROS in relation to the lower viscosity gels. However, the drop in pH and PC were higher in the more viscous gels. Gels with MSA produced higher Delta Eab compared with SSP and ASE. The PP was higher for PAC, and smaller for SSP and CAR. The KHN reduction was higher for CAR and smaller for PAC. The higher pH reduction was seen for ASE and CAR, and the smaller for SSP. The PC reduction was higher for SSP and smaller for CAR. More ROS were observed for MSA and fewer for ASE. Conclusions: Increased gel viscosity was associated with reduced color change, permeation, demineralization of enamel, and ROS, and led to increased peroxide decomposition and pH alteration during the treatment. The kind of thickener significantly interfered with the treatment effects. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/26560-3 - Influence of the type of thickening agent and viscosity of bleaching gel on hydrogen peroxide penetration through the tooth structure
• Grantee: Letícia Fernanda Cornélio
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 18/06961-6 - Influence of thickener kind and hydrogen peroxide gel viscosity on the properties of the hydrogen peroxide gel
• Grantee: Sabrina Elise Moecke
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 18/05071-7 - Influence of thickener kind and hydrogen peroxide gel viscosity on effectiveness and safety of the bleaching treatment
• Grantee: Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants