Comparative Effects of Different Materials on Alveolar Preservation

Author(s)

Rodrigues, Moacyr Tadeu Vicente ; Guillen, Gabriel Albuquerque ; Macedo, Felipe Germoglio Cardoso ; Goulart, Douglas Rangel ; Noia, Claudio Ferreira

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY; v. 81, n. 2, p. 11-pg., 2023-02-01.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare different materials' effects on alveolar ridge preservation of postextraction sockets in anterior maxilla. Materials and Method: In this prospective, single center, randomized, controlled clinical trial, healthy patients who needed one single anterior maxillary tooth extraction (including bicuspids) were selected. After a minimally traumatic extraction without complications, 44 patients were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 1) natural socket healing (blood clot), 2) xenograft and gingival free graft, 3) dense polytetra-fluoroethylene membrane, and 4) platelet rich fibrin plugs. Alveolar ridge height and width loss were evaluated in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and in dental casts at 3 moments: 1) preoperative (T1), 2) 7 days postoperative (T2), and 3) 120 days postoperative (T3). Height and width alveolar ridge loss de-tected in CBCT and in dental casts were compared among the groups (two-way analysis of variance [AN-OVA]; P < .05). Results: Forty patients (24 women and 16 men) ranging from 25 to 70 years old (mean of 42 years old) participated in this study. Group 2 showed the least alveolar ridge height loss results in CBCT (9.8 +/- 1.9% at T3) and dental cast analysis (1.0 +/- 0.2 mm). Groups 2 (12.7 +/- 4.7% at T3) and 3 (15.4 +/- 2.7% at T3) showed the least alveolar ridge width loss measured in CBCT compared with groups 1 and 4, but the difference between groups 2 and 3 were not statistically significant (P = .968). Group 3 (0.9 +/- 0.2 mm) and group 2 (1.0 +/- 0.2 mm) showed the least width loss compared with groups 1 and 4 in dental cast analysis. Again, the difference between groups 3 and 2 was not statistically significant (P = 1.000). Conclusion: In postextraction sockets of the anterior maxilla and bicuspid region, group 2 (xenogenous bone graft with free gingival graft) and group 3 (dense polytetrafluoroethylene) obtained the best results in alveolar preservation, with group 2 being more indicated when the vertical alveolar ridge preservation is mandatory. (c) 2022 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/23712-7 - Prospective evaluation of preservation alveolar ridge through the placement of different alveolar materials into patients submitted to the removal of dental elements
• Grantee: Claudio Ferreira Nóia
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants