Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Thioridazine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Author(s)

Colturato-Kido, Carina ; Lopes, Rayssa M. ; Medeiros, Hyllana C. D. ; Costa, Claudia A. ; Prado-Souza, Laura E. L. ; Ferraz, Leticia S. ; Rodrigues, Tiago

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: LIFE-BASEL; v. 11, n. 4, p. 14-pg., 2021-04-01.

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells that affects children and adults. Despite the high cure rates, drug resistance still remains a significant clinical problem, which stimulates the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs to improve the disease outcome. Antipsychotic phenothiazines have emerged as potential candidates to be repositioned as antitumor drugs. It was previously shown that the anti-histaminic phenothiazine derivative promethazine induced autophagy-associated cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells, although autophagy can act as a "double-edged sword" contributing to cell survival or cell death. Here we evaluated the role of autophagy in thioridazine (TR)-induced cell death in the human ALL model. TR induced apoptosis in ALL Jurkat cells and it was not cytotoxic to normal peripheral mononuclear blood cells. TR promoted the activation of caspase-8 and -3, which was associated with increased NOXA/MCL-1 ratio and autophagy triggering. AMPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways are involved in TR-induced cell death. The inhibition of the autophagic process enhanced the cytotoxicity of TR in Jurkat cells, highlighting autophagy as a targetable process for drug development purposes in ALL. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/07367-5 - Investigation of Phenothiazine-Induced Cell Death Mechanisms In Tumor Cells: Changes in Gene Expression, Role of Bcl-2 Family Proteins, and ER Stress
• Grantee: Tiago Rodrigues
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/25747-5 - Alterations of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in cancer: understanding of tumor biology and prospecting new therapeutic targets
• Grantee: Tiago Rodrigues
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants