Cytogenetics Meets Genomics: Cytotaxonomy and Genomic Relationships among Color Variants of the Asian Arowana Scleropages formosus

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Toma, Gustavo A. ; dos Santos, Natalia ; dos Santos, Rodrigo ; Rab, Petr ; Kretschmer, Rafael ; Ezaz, Tariq ; Bertollo, Luiz A. C. ; Liehr, Thomas ; Porto-Foresti, Fabio ; Hatanaka, Terumi ; Tanomtong, Alongklod ; Utsunomia, Ricardo ; Cioffi, Marcelo B.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES; v. 24, n. 10, p. 17-pg., 2023-05-19.

Abstract

Scleropages formosus (Osteoglossiformes, Teleostei) represents one of the most valued ornamental fishes, yet it is critically endangered due to overexploitation and habitat destruction. This species encompasses three major color groups that naturally occur in allopatric populations, but the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of S. formosus color varieties remain uncertain. Here, we utilized a range of molecular cytogenetic techniques to characterize the karyotypes of five S. formosus color phenotypes, which correspond to naturally occurring variants: the red ones (Super Red); the golden ones (Golden Crossback and Highback Golden); the green ones (Asian Green and Yellow Tail Silver). Additionally, we describe the satellitome of S. formosus (Highback Golden) by applying a high-throughput sequencing technology. All color phenotypes possessed the same karyotype structure 2n = 50 (8m/sm + 42st/a) and distribution of SatDNAs, but different chromosomal locations of rDNAs, which were involved in a chromosome size polymorphism. Our results show indications of population genetic structure and microstructure differences in karyotypes of the color phenotypes. However, the findings do not clearly back up the hypothesis that there are discrete lineages or evolutionary units among the color phenotypes of S. formosus, but another case of interspecific chromosome stasis cannot be excluded. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/13180-3 - Satellitome analysis and chromosome painting in the color variants of S. formosus and in the other two Scleropages species (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes)
• Grantee: Gustavo Akira Toma
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 18/14677-6 - Chromosomal studies on color variants of Asian arowana Scleropages formosus (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes)
• Grantee: Gustavo Akira Toma
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 20/11772-8 - An integrative approach for the analysis of dispersal, adaptive and evolutionary processes between realted species with intercontinental distribution: the Osteoglossidae family (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes) as an investigative model: part IV
• Grantee: Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants