Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies

Author(s)

dos Reis, Larissa Menezes ; Bercot, Marcelo Rodrigues ; Castelucci, Bianca Gazieri ; Martins, Ana Julia Estumano ; Castro, Gisele ; Moraes-Vieira, Pedro M. M.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Viruses-Basel; v. 15, n. 2, p. 32-pg., 2023-02-01.

Abstract

RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/09535-8 - Modulation of mitochondrial dynamics as an approach for macrophage repolarization in cancer treatment
• Grantee: Larissa Menezes dos Reis
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 19/25973-8 - Mitoimmunity: mitochondria adaptation in pathological and physiological states
• Grantee: Pedro Manoel Mendes de Moraes Vieira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 20/16030-0 - Immunometabolic adaptation of tissue resident macrophages in health and disease
• Grantee: Pedro Manoel Mendes de Moraes Vieira
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 21/01147-1 - Study of the influence of arginine metabolism on the immunometabolic profile of macrophages
• Grantee: Ana Julia Estumano Martins
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)