Time-resolved synchrotron light source X-ray detection with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes

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Saito, G. T. ; Leite, M. ; Mazza, S. M. ; Zhao, Y. ; Kirkes, T. ; Yoho, N. ; Yerdea, D. ; Nagel, N. ; Ott, J. ; Nizam, M. ; Moralles, M. ; Sadrozinski, H. f. -w. ; Seiden, A. ; Schumm, B. ; McKinney-Martinez, F. ; Giacomini, G. ; Chen, W.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SP; v. 1064, p. 4-pg., 2024-05-28.

Abstract

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) represent the state-of-the-art in timing measurements and will instrument future timing detectors at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) experiments. While conceived as a sensor for charged particles, the intrinsic gain of LGADs makes it possible to detect low energy X-rays with good energy resolution and excellent timing (tens of picoseconds). Using the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) at SLAC, several LGADs designs were characterized with energies from 5 to 35 keV. The SSRL provides 10 ps pulsed X-ray bunches separated by 2.1 ns intervals, and with an energy dispersion (Delta E/E) of 1 x 10(-4). LGADs fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) with different thicknesses ranging from 20 mu m to 50 mu m and different gain layer designs were read out a two stage fast amplification circuit and digitized with a high bandwidth, high sampling rate oscilloscope. PIN devices from HPK were characterized as well. A systematic and detailed characterization of the devices' energy linearity, resolution and timing resolution as a function of X-ray energy was performed for different biasing voltages at room temperature. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/04867-2 - High energy physics and instrumentation with the LHC-CERN
• Grantee: Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz
• Support Opportunities: Special Projects