Isolated and mixed effects of pure and formulated abamectin and difenoconazole on biochemical biomarkers of the gills of Danio rerio

Author(s)

Sanches, Ana Leticia Madeira ; Pinto, Thandy Junio da Silva ; Daam, Michiel Adriaan ; Teresa, Fabricio Barreto ; Vieira, Bruna Horvath ; Reghini, Marina Vanderlei ; de Almeida, Eduardo Alves ; Espindola, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY; v. 273, p. 8-pg., 2024-06-12.

Abstract

Pesticides are released into the environment daily, and their effects on nontarget species in aquatic ecosystems have been widely reported. To evaluate the adverse effects caused in adults of Danio rerio species exposed to the pesticides abamectin, difenoconazole, and their commercial formulations (Kraft 36EC (R) and Score 250EC (R)), both isolated and in mixtures, biochemical biomarkers were analyzed in the gills of organisms exposed to sublethal concentrations. To this end, the activities of the enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are indicative of oxidative stress, were measured after 48 h of exposure to the different pesticide treatments. The results showed a significant increase in EROD activity and MDA levels in the gills of fish exposed to the commercial formulation of abamectin. When the fish were exposed to difenoconazole and its commercial formulation, an increase in GST, GPx, and MDA levels and a decrease in GR activity were observed in the gills. Furthermore, the responses of the biomarkers were more pronounced in organisms exposed to mixtures of both active ingredients and commercial formulations. It is concluded that the commercial formulations Kraft 36EC (R) and Score 250EC (R) and their mixtures cause significant alterations in the detoxification metabolism of exposed organisms and induce oxidative stress in fish. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/12104-4 - Fate and impacts of microplastics and pesticides in aquatic and terrestrial matrices in agricultural contexts
• Grantee: Cassiana Carolina Montagner
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/14621-0 - Analysis of the environmental effects of Kraft and score pesticides and its active ingredients abamectin and difenoconazole in tropical surface waters by biomarkers
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/05543-3 - Comparative study of the abamectin and difenoconazole toxic effects in embryos and adults of Danio rerio
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 23/02121-1 - Eco-innovation and ecotoxicology applied to monitoring and pesticides risk analysis of the largest continuous remnant of the Atlantic Forest
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 23/02708-2 - Setac Latin America 15th Biennial Meeting
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Meeting - Abroad
• FAPESP's process: 22/14293-9 - Fate, interaction, and ecological effects of microplastics and pesticides in tropical freshwater environments
• Grantee: Thandy Júnio da Silva Pinto
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral