Stealth and Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles through Surface Coating with a Zwitterionic Derivative of Glutathione

Author(s)

Guido, Vinicius S. ; Olivieri Jr, Paulo H. ; Brito, Milena L. ; Prezoto, Benedito C. ; Martinez, Diego S. T. ; Oliva, Maria Luiza V. ; Sousa, Alioscka A.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Langmuir; v. 40, n. 23, p. 12-pg., 2024-05-29.

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) hold promise in biomedicine, but challenges like aggregation, protein corona formation, and insufficient biocompatibility must be thoroughly addressed before advancing their clinical applications. Designing AuNPs with specific protein corona compositions is challenging, and strategies for corona elimination, such as coating with polyethylene glycol (PEG), have limitations. In this study, we introduce a commercially available zwitterionic derivative of glutathione, glutathione monoethyl ester (GSH(zwt)), for the surface coating of colloidal AuNPs. Particles coated with GSH(zwt) were investigated alongside four other AuNPs coated with various ligands, including citrate ions, tiopronin, glutathione, cysteine, and PEG. We then undertook a head-to-head comparison of these AuNPs to assess their behavior in biological fluid. GSH(zwt)-coated AuNPs exhibited exceptional resistance to aggregation and protein adsorption. The particles could also be readily functionalized with biotin and interact with streptavidin receptors in human plasma. Additionally, they exhibited significant blood compatibility and noncytotoxicity. In conclusion, GSH(zwt) provides a practical and easy method for the surface passivation of AuNPs, creating "stealth" particles for potential clinical applications. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 23/01909-4 - Nanoparticles coated with glutathione and albumin for applications in nanomedicine
• Grantee: Alioscka Augusto Sousa
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/06630-7 - Fragments derived from the structure of protease inhibitors with selectivity for inhibition of mammalian and microorganism enzymes and its role as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic and anti- tumor agent: mechanism of action
• Grantee: Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants