Sleep patterns according to genetically determined ethnicity in the population of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Author(s)

Kondo, Julia ; Tempaku, Priscila F. ; D'Almeida, Vania ; Kakazu, Viviane A. ; Andersen, Monica L. ; Tufik, Sergio ; Poyares, Dalva

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Sleep Medicine; v. 113, p. 7-pg., 2023-12-07.

Abstract

Sleep is a behavior expressed differently for each individual. However, studies have shown that some ethnic groups express common sleep patterns, which can be observed in different ethnic groups. Previous studies have shown the existence of sleep disparities in populations of different ethnicities. Most of these studies have considered self-reported ethnicity and assessed sleep subjectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate sleep disparities in different ethnic groups based on an analysis of genetic ancestry and the use of objective sleep evaluation. To do this, we used data from the Sa similar to o Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO), which was undertaken in Brazil, a country that is known for its ethnic/racial diversity. All individuals completed a series of questionnaires, underwent full polysomnography and had their blood collected for DNA extraction. After genotyping and identifying samples with high-quality DNA suitable for genetic analysis, 31 ancestryinformative markers (AIMs) were selected. These markers exhibited substantial allelic frequency differences, enabling the characterization of the three primary founding populations of modern Brazil - Europeans, WestAfricans, and Native Americans. Through this analysis, the genetic contribution of each of these ancestral groups was identified in respect of each participant. Based on this, a latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) was performed to define the three clusters that best classified the sample according to ethnic group: African (n = 255), Caucasian (n = 668) and Native American (n = 83). Applying the adjusted model for the confounding variables (age, socio-economic class and sex), statistically significant differences in sleep variables between ethnicities were found. Africans had higher sleep latency compared to the other groups (13 = 4.46, CI = 1.18 to 7.74 and 13 = 7.83, CI = 3.50 to 12.15), while Caucasians had longer total sleep time (13 = -16.47, CI = -29.94 to -2.99) and better sleep efficiency (13 = -2.19, CI = -4.35 to -0.02) compared to Africans. Regarding the respiratory arousals index (13 = -1.11, IC = -2.07 to -0.16) and periodic leg movements index (13 = -7.48, CI = -12.08 to -2.88), both were higher among Caucasians compared to Africans. We were able to conclude that genetic ancestry might modulate sleep structure and the occurrence of sleep disorders. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/13467-8 - The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities with the intestinal microbiome: interface with sexuality and reproductive function
• Grantee: Monica Levy Andersen
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 22/05430-2 - Sleep patterns according to ethnicity and socio-demographic characteristics in the population of São Paulo
• Grantee: Júlia Kondo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation