Updates on DNA methylation modifiers in acute myeloid leukemia

Autor(es)

Contieri, Bruna ^[1] ; Duarte, Bruno Kosa Lino ^[2] ; Lazarini, Mariana ^{[2, 1]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sao Nicolau St 210, BR-09961400 Diadema - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Hematol & Blood Transfus Ctr, Campinas - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY; v. 99, n. 4 FEB 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents is the standard of care, but is associated with a high rate of adverse events. Elderly patients are frequently intolerant to such treatment, presenting a very poor prognosis. The hypomethylating agents (HMA) azacitidine or decitabine represent one of the main therapeutic alternatives for these patients. Isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors (IDH) constitute another therapeutic class with DNA methylation effects in AML. In this article, we review the use of first- and second-generation HMA and IDH inhibitors in AML. The data collected demonstrated that HMA are generally considered effective and safe for AML patients who are not eligible for standard chemotherapy. The combination of azacitidine or decitabine with venetoclax was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for older AML patients and those unfit for intense chemotherapy. IDH inhibitors also showed encouraging results for relapsed/refractory AML patients harboring an IDH mutation and received FDA approval. Therefore, recent studies have led to the emergence of new therapeutic options using HMA and IDH inhibitors for specific groups of AML patients, representing an important step in the treatment of this aggressive malignancy. New options should emerge from the ongoing studies in the coming years. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 17/19674-2 - Estudo de proteínas da família Rho GTPases em Síndromes Mielodisplásicas e Leucemia Mieloide Aguda
• Beneficiário: Mariana Lazarini
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular