Thyroid hormone, gene expression, and Central Nervous System: Where we are

Autor(es)

Giannocco, Gisele ; Letro Kizys, Marina Malta ; Maciel, Rui Monteiro ; de Souza, Janaina Sena

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; v. 114, p. 10-pg., 2021-05-20.

Resumo

Thyroid hormones (TH; T3 and T4) play a fundamental role in the fetal stage to the adult phase, controlling gene and protein expression in virtually all tissues. The endocrine and CNS systems have relevant interaction, and the TH are pivotal for the proper functioning of the CNS. A slight failure to regulate TH availability during pregnancy and/or childhood can lead to neurological disorders, for example, autism and cognitive impairment, or depression. In this review, we highlight how TH acts in controlling gene expression, its role in the CNS, and what substances widely found in the environment can cause in this tissue. We highlight the role of Endocrine Disruptors used on an everyday basis in the processing of mRNAs responsible for neurodevelopment. We conclude that TH, more precisely T3, acts mainly throughout its nuclear receptors, that the deficiency of this hormone, either due to the lack of its main substrate iodine, or by to incorrect organification of T4 and T3 in the gland, or by a mutation in transporters, receptors and deiodinases may cause mild (dysregulated mood in adulthood) to severe neurological impairment (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, presented as early as childhood); T3 is responsible for the expression of numerous CNS genes related to oxygen transport, growth factors, myelination, cell maturation. Substances present in the environment and widely used can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland, the action of TH, and the functioning of the CNS. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 17/23169-1 - Efeito dos hormônios tiroidianos no encéfalo de camundongos 3xTg-AD (APPswe, PS1m146v, tauP301L) modelo da doença de Alzheimer
• Beneficiário: Gisele Giannocco
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 18/22763-0 - DNA antigo, bioengenharia e "organoides" de cérebro: estudo da homeostase do hormônio tiroidiano e marcadores da Doença de Alzheimer em células tronco com gene NOVA1 editado por CRISPR
• Beneficiário: Janaína Sena de Souza
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 17/07053-3 - Efeito do hormônio tiroidiano no encéfalo de camundongos 3xTg-AD, modelo da Doença de Alzheimer, no metabolismo da glicose e colesterol
• Beneficiário: Janaína Sena de Souza
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado