Phenolic profile, bioactivity and cytotoxicity of plant extracts from thyme, ginger, garlic, ground roasted coffee and coffee silverskin

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Pena, Fabiola de Lima ; de Souza, Mariana Correa ; Sanches, Vitor Lacerda ; Vigano, Juliane ; Mancini, Mariana Camargo Silva ; Brito-Oliveira, Thais Carvalho ; dos Santos, Barbara Geciana Tomaz ; de Queiroz, Guilherme Henrique Aguiar ; Tamborlin, Leticia ; Simabuco, Fernando Moreira ; Luchessi, Augusto Ducati ; Rostagno, Mauricio Ariel ; Antunes, Adriane Elisabete Costa

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES; v. 28, n. 1, p. 18-pg., 2025-12-31.

Resumo

We evaluated selected biological properties of extracts from thyme (THY) (Thymus vulgaris L.), ginger (GNG) (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), garlic (GLC) (Allium sativum L.), ground roasted coffee (GRC), and coffee silverskin (CS) (Coffea sp. L.). The extraction was carried out sequentially with water and ethanol, ultrasonic bath, and solvent evaporation. The phenolic composition was evaluated by modified Folin Ciocalteu, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) and Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The antioxidant activity was assessed using FRAP, DDPH, ABTS and ORAC assays, while the potential toxicity was investigated by Tetrazolium dye assays MTT and supercoiled DNA. Several important phenolic compounds were identified, including ellagic acid (23.28 mu g EAG/mL in garlic), rutin (25.88 mu g EAG/mL in thyme) and caffeine (660-203.3 mu g/mL in coffee extracts). The MTT results showed that the highest concentrations of THY and GLC exhibited cytotoxic activity in colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2), reducing cell viability to below 50%. All extracts showed a protective effect on DNA and prevented damage caused by the oxidant AAPH (2,2-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)) in the supercoil test. These results demonstrate the bioactive composition of the plant extracts, while also indicating that their toxic potential should be evaluated at higher concentrations. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 23/03439-5 - Extração, separação e análise bidimensional de compostos fenólicos de resíduos da agroindústria com potencial antimicrobiano contra Staphilococcus aureus para aplicação em curativos.
• Beneficiário: Thais Carvalho Brito Oliveira
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• Processo FAPESP: 19/13496-0 - EMU aprovado no processo 2018/14582-5: sistema de cromatografia de ultra alta pressão (UHPLC), composto por bomba quaternária, injetor automático, forno com seletor de coluna, detector PDA
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