Abstract
This project intends to answer complex questions about the composition and spatial structure of insectbiodiversity in an Amazon rainforest: (1) how many species are there of the Hexapoda fauna in a tropicalrainforest location; (2) what are the vertical distribution patterns of species richness and abundance indifferent insect orders in a tropical forest; (3) what is the percentage of insect species that are only present inthe upper strata, that is, that are not collected at ground level in a tropical forest; (4) what is the compositionof the taxonomic groups of insects in the canopy; (5) which are the guilds in the vertical structure of a tropicalforest and how are they vertically organized in different orders of Hexapoda; (6) what are the seasonal patternsof different Hexapoda groups; (7) what is the bias of Malaise traps in measuring the real diversity of insectspecies in a forest location; (8) what are the vertical migration patterns of insect fauna throughout the day indifferent groups of insects; (9) what is the faunal turnover between interfluves in the Amazon in differentgroups of insects; (10) how was the evolution of the insect fauna along the Late Cretaceous and Late Cenozoicas the angiosperm forests themselves emerged. To answer these questions the project will collect over onemillion specimens of insects at a tower located in the Biological Reserve of the Experimental Station of TropicalForestry (EEST), INPA, access road ZF2, north of Manaus, using various techniques of active and passivecollecting, in addition to collecting in Novo Airão (west of Rio Negro) and Careiro Castanho (south of RioSolimões). Most specimens will be collected at five strata inside the forest (0m, 8m, 16m, 24m and 32m) usinga 53 m tower inside the EEST. We estimate that between 200,000 and 300,000 insects will be sequencedindividually for the MTCO1 gene (COI or COX1), that may correspond to over 25,000 species of more than 450insect families. Sampling over 14 months should allow the construction of rarefaction curves to estimate theactual number of species. The project should generate, in addition to academic publications, innovation andpatented protocols for a startup, with laboratory models of different sizes that access, with low cost and highprecision, problems of biodiversity in natural environments and problems of applied entomology. More than400 articles are expected to be published in taxonomy journals and more than 25 articles in highimpactjournals, of a team gathering over 250 researchers from Brazil and different other countries. (AU)
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