OPTIMIZATION OF THE CROP SYSTEM WITH SOYBEAN AND SORGHUM BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT

• Grant number: 24/10420-1
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• Start date: November 01, 2024
• End date: October 31, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Agronomical Sciences - Agronomy - Crop Science
• Principal Investigator: Juliano Carlos Calonego
• Grantee: Juliano Carlos Calonego
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Botucatu. Botucatu , SP, Brazil
• Associated researchers: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ; Fernando Ferrari Putti ; Gustavo Ferreira da Silva

Abstract

The use of soluble mineral fertilizers in agricultural crops and the dependence on imported sources has been the subject of debate due to the risk of shortages and price fluctuations, given international conflicts and the vulnerability of the exchange rate. This scenario puts the productive and economic sustainability of agricultural species at risk, especially grain crops with an annual cycle. There is a consensus that correcting soil acidity is essential to increase the efficiency of the use of nutrients stored in the soil and/or from fertilizers. The aim of this work is to study, in soil submitted or not to acidity correction with limestone, the effect of reducing the dose of fertilizer with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) used in soybean crops, cultivated in the summer season, evaluating the consequences on the yield of the crop itself soybeans, as well as the residual effect on the yield of grain sorghum cultivated in succession, as an autumn-winter crop, in no-tillage system. In addition, the work will also aim to evaluate whether differentiated fertilization of soybeans, whether in soil with corrected acidity or not, will impact sorghum's response to nitrogen fertilization. The experiment will be conducted in the 2024/25 and 2025/26 crops seasons, in Botucatu, SP, in continuation of an experiment started in the 2022/2023 crop season, in an Oxisol. The experimental design will be in randomized blocks, in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments will consist of three levels of mineral fertilization with P and K in soybean cultivation (0, ½ and 1 times the recommended dose), without and with soil correction with dolomitic limestone, without and with fertilization nitrogen in sorghum. Will be evaluated the biochemical, productive and root development responses of plants; the chemical, physical and biological soil properties; nutrients balance and economic efficiency of the production system. The data will be subjected to analysis of variance using the F test and the means compared using the LSD t test (p d 0.05). Exploratory data analysis will be carried out through principal component analysis. (AU)