| Grant number: | 12/11890-4 |
| Support Opportunities: | Regular Research Grants |
| Start date: | October 01, 2012 |
| End date: | September 30, 2014 |
| Field of knowledge: | Engineering - Sanitary Engineering - Environmental Sanitation |
| Principal Investigator: | Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo |
| Grantee: | Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo |
| Host Institution: | Instituto de Biociências (IB). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil |
| City of the host institution: | São Paulo |
| Associated researchers: | Ana Lúcia Brandimarte ; Viviane Moschini Carlos |
Abstract
Important for the public supply of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), the Cantareira System has its hydrological basins occupied by anthropogenic and urban uses and in less quantity for remaining vegetation of the Atlantic Forest. This area presents restricted wastewater treatment and the domestic effluents are released into the rivers of the region. Intense urban and anthropic uses associated with the poor sanitary coverage, give a worrying future scenario for the system, as experienced in Billings and Guarapiranga Reservoirs, also in the MRSP. These reservoirs have a long negative history in water and sediments quality, resulting in about 20 years of intensive application of copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide to cyanobacteria control. Relative to Cantareira, in the Juquery sub-basin, it has been observed evidence of water degradation. At Atibainha Reservoir water exit, before the encounter with the Juquery River, copper sulfate is added, especially in summer. In this context, this paper aims to check if there is a potential heavy metals contamination in sediments of Cantareira System's reservoirs (Jaguari/Jacareí, Cachoeira, Atibaia, Sete Quedas and Paiva Castro) or to check if this contamination is already a reality. The main objectives are: to characterize and compare the water bodies trophic status; to compare (inter and intra reservoir) metal concentrations in sediments and verify the occurrence of anthropogenic contribution of metals to sediments; to check the historical metal contamination in sediment profiles and verify the potential toxicity of sediments and the release of metals and P to water in laboratory experiments. In the sediments will be analyzed concentrations of bioavailability metals and pseudo-total elements (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr and As, and P total), associated with anthropogenic contamination. Levels of Fe and Al as conservative elements will normalize metal concentrations. It will also be analyzed grain size; organic matter content and toxicity experiments (Danio rerio) will be done. To characterize the water bodies will be raised profiles of temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen; chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, nitrogen and phosphorus series, suspended solid, TSI (Trophic State Index) and the same metals analyzed in the sediment. Samples will be collected within the first 5 cm of the sediment at three points in each reservoir, one in the upper part (zone of influence of the main river), the other in the intermediate region and another one in the deepest area of the dam. Cores will be sampled in upper part and deepest area of the dam. In the data analysis will be employed linear regression, cluster analysis, PCA and ANOVA One Way. Geoaccumulation index will be calculated and the metals bioavailability concentrations will be compared with regional background values and PEL ("Probably Effect Level"). The lines of evidence will be combined to reach a conclusion about a system or environmental stressor comparing quality parameters and transforming them into categories (low, medium or high toxic potential), and for best viewing of results will be defined traffic lights colors. (AU)
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