A computerized system for the analysis of human chromosomes

• Grant number: 99/11677-2
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Innovative Research in Small Business - PIPE
• Start date: June 01, 2000
• End date: March 31, 2006
• Field of knowledge: Physical Sciences and Mathematics - Computer Science - Computer Systems
• Principal Investigator: Antônio Francisco Júnior
• Grantee: Antônio Francisco Júnior
• Company: Atonus Engenharia de Sistemas Ltda. - EPP
• City: São José dos Campos

Abstract

Currently there are various techniques for the study of human chromosomes, both in a morphological focus, whose main technique is G banding, and through methods of molecular cytogenetics, known as FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization). In spite of the growing demand, the offer of automatic systems that assist the work of the geneticist in the collection of data, in the generation of karyotypes and in the study of FISH, is small. The goal of the present study is to develop a computerized system using vision techniques by computer, capable of assisting the geneticist both in the execution of the analysis of the form of the human chromosome, in order to carry out the assisted pairing of the chromosomes, and also to help in the collection and analysis of data for carrying out the FISH study. Through FISH it is possible to execute the cytogenetic diagnosis of embryos and fetuses with increased risk from chromosomal problems. In the case when the FISH is carried out at the initial stage of cell division, one can both determine some illnesses as well as the sex of the future generated individual. This study makes use of luminescent chromosome probes that intrude into part of the DNA chain of a chromosome, emitting light of determined wave lengths. Optical filters are then used to select the light wavelength that needs to be analyzed. The capture and analysis of this luminous standard is the essence of the FISH study. (AU)