Exploring Behavioral Flexibility Through Deep Brain Stimulation: Insights from a Two-Armed Spatial Restless Bandit Task in Rat

• Grant number: 24/03808-3
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• Start date until: August 01, 2024
• End date until: July 31, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Humanities - Psychology - Physiological Psychology
• Principal Investigator: Amanda Ribeiro de Oliveira
• Grantee: Isabelle Waku
• Supervisor: Alik S Widge
• Host Institution: Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH). Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR). São Carlos , SP, Brazil
• Institution abroad: University of Minnesota (U of M), United States
• Associated to the scholarship: 21/05022-9 - Effects of deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum and of the subtalamic nucleus on the performance of rats in behavioral flexibility tasks., BP.DR

Abstract

Cognitive control, the ability to make flexible, goal-oriented decisions, is a critical trait often impaired in various mental disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and addiction. To restore proper functioning, treatment strategies such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) have increasingly focused on targeted circuit-based neuromodulation. One of the main target areas for DBS is the VC/VS, and its modulation appears to enhance behavioral flexibility. Another noteworthy aspect of mental disorders is the occurrence of sex-based differences in prevalence, presentation, and treatment response. Therefore, we propose to modulate the mid-striatum (a region homologous to VC/VS) using DBS to explore the specific circuits associated with behavioral flexibility during a two-armed spatial restless bandit task in rats while also investigating potential sex differences. The two-armed bandit task is a well-studied behavioral paradigm that allows for the measurement of behavioral flexibility in both rodents and humans. To achieve this, we will employ Long-Evans rats in two main experiments: 1. Implementation of the two-armed spatial restless bandit task for rats, using both males and females, to establish the necessary baseline conditions for subsequent experiments; 2. Evaluation of the effects of mid-striatum DBS on behavioral flexibility during the two-armed bandit task in both male and female rats. We anticipate that mid-striatal DBS will influence the ability to dynamically adapt strategies in the bandit task, possibly leading to more optimal decision-making. Additionally, we expect to observe sex-dependent differences in these processes.