Theoretical-conceptual approach - 2B

• Grant number: 24/17080-1
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: December 01, 2024
• End date: November 30, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Applied Social Sciences - Architecture and Town Planning
• Principal Investigator: Jeferson Cristiano Tavares
• Grantee: Gabriela Correia Silva
• Host Institution: Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo de São Carlos (IAU). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Carlos , SP, Brazil
• Associated research grant: 22/01583-9 - Recent transformations in the urban fabric of Brazilian cities: perspectives for formulating public policies in city systems, AP.PNGP.PI

Abstract

This project has as its central problem the characterization of the urban fabric from the perspective of the city system. The formulation of this problem arises from the hypothesis that the trends and patterns of recent territorial planning are guided by metropolization and urban sprawl that transform the urban fabric on a territorial scale and are correlated with the intensification of some extreme climate events. This perception places the urban fabric at the center of the discussion of the socioeconomic and environmental aspects of Brazilian cities. In front of this hypothesis, the importance of the research is in understanding urban aspects as reasons for and effects of social vulnerabilities, but also as opportunities for transforming current patterns by constructing subsidies for urban-regional public policies. In this sense, the main objective is to understand the recent transformations of the urban fabric through the urban aspects that characterize the systems of Brazilian cities. The complementary objectives are: A) to identify and characterize recent transformations - patterns and trends - of the urban fabric of Brazilian cities, considering studies by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) on intra-urban typologies (IBGE, 2017), as well as case studies and field surveys;B) To relate recent transformations of the urban fabric to the processes of metropolization and urban sprawl;C) To problematize the relationship between the urban fabric (influence and behavior) and extreme events (droughts, floods and landslides) based on water management and the mapping of climate disasters, both mapped by the federal government (at CEMADEN [National Center for Monitoring and Alerts for Natural Disasters], INMET [National Institute of Meteorology] and ANA [National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency]); D) Based on selected national cases resulting from the FAPESP Regular Project 2018/13637-0 and theoretical and empirical input from foreign cases through partnerships with foreign institutions, map the transition from conceptual models of "central place" to "city-region" and the limits and challenges for the application of regional design in Brazilian cities as a planning strategy;E) Understand these transformations in the Brazilian urban network with perspectives for the innovative application of existing territorial planning instruments that address city systems (such as Ecological Economic Zoning, Integrated Urban Development Plans, Guidelines for Conservation Units, Assistance to Watershed Management, Regional Master Plans and/or Coastal Zoning).The originality of the research consists in the investigation of the urban elements of the urban fabric at the regional scale of the Brazilian urban network and in the construction of guidelines for public policies for city systems.The main challenge is to verify how this planning behaves in the face of extreme events, what are their contributions to the intensification of climate disasters and how this order is subject to environmental and social vulnerabilities. Especially in elucidating two questions: how current urbanization patterns contribute to the intensification of these events; and how the urban fabric is affected by the occurrences of droughts, floods and landslides in urban areas. The main expected result of the research is the development of a framework of the patterns and trends of the recent Brazilian urbanization process (post-1988) within the urban fabric of city systems. This will result in a product that can be synthesized by subsidies for innovative urban-regional public policies that would contribute to the construction of alternatives to the social and environmental vulnerabilities that are being exacerbated by extreme events.