Genetic and molecular elucidation of protective pigment production in corals: adaptation to UV light exposure

• Grant number: 24/11037-7
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: December 01, 2024
• End date: November 30, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Biological Sciences - Biochemistry
• Principal Investigator: Danilo Trabuco do Amaral
• Grantee: Maria Cecilia Oliveira Villela
• Host Institution: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH). Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC). Ministério da Educação (Brasil). Santo André , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on the planet, hosting a vast array of species and playing a crucial role in the health of the oceans. This biodiversity is largely the result of the complex ecological relationships present in these environments, notably the symbiosis between corals and the zooxanthellae microalgae of the genus Symbiodinium, which mutually provide nutrients and are essential for the photosynthesis and survival of corals. However, this symbiotic relationship is under severe threat due to climate change, which has caused a significant increase in global temperature and ocean acidification. These changes result in the expulsion of zooxanthellae from coral tissues, leading to mass bleaching of reefs, a phenomenon that compromises the health and survival of corals. In light of this scenario, some corals have developed adaptive mechanisms, including the production of fluorescent pigments that act as protectors against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This research project aims to elucidate the genetic and molecular basis of the production of these pigments in corals, focusing specifically on how these organisms adjust their pigment synthesis pathways in response to UV light exposure. Using existing transcriptome data, gene expression analyses, and interaction networks, the study intends to identify the main genes and regulatory pathways involved in the synthesis of protective pigments. By better understanding the mechanisms of coral adaptation to variations in light conditions, we hope to contribute to the development of effective conservation and management strategies that can mitigate the negative impacts of climate change and promote the resilience of coral reefs.