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Prospective Associations between Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods, Dietary Inflammatory Index and Excessive Weight Gain in the NutriNet-Brazil Study

Grant number: 24/06428-7
Support Opportunities:Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
Start date: March 01, 2025
End date: May 31, 2028
Field of knowledge:Health Sciences - Nutrition - Nutritional Analysis of Population
Principal Investigator:Renata Bertazzi Levy
Grantee:Luciano Pedro da Silva Junior
Host Institution: Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil
Associated research grant:22/05636-0 - Program of population studies on the consumption of ultraprocessed foods and health, AP.TEM

Abstract

Overweight and obesity, whose prevalence is increasing in Brazil and worldwide, result from excessive weight gain. Overweight individuals have a chronic low-intensity inflammatory process, and it is known that dietary patterns are related to the low-grade chronic inflammation observed in situations of weight gain. Dietary patterns rich in ultra-processed foods are associated with weight gain and negative health outcomes. Measuring pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is a costly process for health systems, which is why the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was created. This index assesses the inflammatory potential of the diet, classifying it into anti-inflammatory diets or pro-inflammatory diets, by calculating scores based on 45 nutrients and foods previously associated with reduced or increased cytokine secretion. Higher DII scores are associated with all-cause mortality and weight gain. However, the contribution of ultra-processed food consumption to increased DII scores and consequent weight gain has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, there are no longitudinal studies that have performed mediation analyses to understand the influence of inflammation on the prospective association between ultra-processed food consumption and weight gain. Using the NutriNet Brazil study, an ongoing cohort with the participation of individuals from the five regions of the country, we intend to investigate this association. Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate the prospective association between ultra-processed food consumption and weight gain mediated by the dietary inflammation index in participants of the NutriNet Brazil cohort.

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