Microbiological analysis and antimicrobial resistance profile in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

• Grant number: 25/03640-8
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: July 01, 2025
• End date: June 30, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine
• Principal Investigator: Edwin Tamashiro
• Grantee: Vinícius Miranda Baroni
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Ribeirão Preto , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as an inflammatory process of the nose and paranasal sinuses that persists for at least three consecutive months. Its pathophysiology remains unclear, and among the etiological factors involved, bacterial infection acts as either a modulating or exacerbating factor. Antibiotic therapy, considered a conservative treatment option, remains a controversial choice for CRS patients due to the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance, primarily driven by the excessive and inappropriate use of these drugs. In this context, the increasing antimicrobial resistance is one of the most concerning threats to public health. A retrospective analysis will be conducted on the microbiological profile data from nasal swabs collected from CRS patients between 2015 and 2024. A total of 1,723 samples from patients with CRS and 1,949 bacterial isolates were identified, considering the possibility of polymicrobial samples containing up to three microbiological species per culture. The collected variables will include patient age and sex, culture date, CRS phenotype (with or without nasal polyps), identified bacterial isolates, and antibiotic susceptibility profile. The microbiological profile trends over the past decade will be assessed in five-year periods, and potential changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns over these intervals will be evaluated. Therefore, by retrospectively analyzing clinical and laboratory data from the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP), this research project will contribute to a better understanding and analysis of microbiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles in CRS patients. (AU)