Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Iodine-131 Activity Calculation Methods in Patients with Graves' Disease

• Grant number: 24/22942-2
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: May 01, 2025
• End date: December 31, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine - Medical Radiology
• Principal Investigator: Katia Hiromoto Koga
• Grantee: Leonardo Haber Campana
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FMB). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Botucatu. Botucatu , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an increase in the production and release of hormones by the thyroid gland. Elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormones cause harmful effects on multiple organs and may lead to the development of severe complications. Therefore, the recommended treatments include the use of antithyroid drugs, destruction of thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine, or total thyroidectomy. Given the importance of clinical management of hyperthyroidism and the cost-effectiveness of radioiodine therapy, we proposed this study to evaluate the effectiveness of iodine-131 radioactive activity calculation methods in patients with Graves' Disease treated at the Nuclear Medicine Service of the Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu Medical School - UNESP. This is a prospective, randomized study involving the collection of clinical and epidemiological data, imaging tests, and calculations of the administered I-131 activity using individualized activity calculation methods and absorbed dose calculations. The study includes a one-year follow-up to evaluate the therapy in patients with Graves' Disease treated with radioiodine therapy during the period from 2022 to 2024. The study will assess the influence of clinical and epidemiological variables as well as the calculation method employed. The success of the therapy will be defined as achieving euthyroidism or hypothyroidism within one year after treatment.