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| Author(s): |
Leila Aparecida Figueiredo
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/STB) |
| Defense date: | 2015-04-28 |
| Examining board members: |
Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo;
Silvia Helena Govoni Brondi;
Armando Cavalcante Franco Dias;
Maria Aparecida Carvalho de Medeiros;
Fabio Rodrigo Piovezani Rocha
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| Advisor: | Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo |
| Abstract | |
The broiler production generates a lot of waste. So the reuse of poultry litter as a fertilizer has proven to be a viable alternative for the appropriate destination of these residues. However the employment of medicines used in the broilers production can reach the environment and cause negative effects in soil microbiota and on aquatic organisms from water bodies close to the production sheds. The objective of this study was to quantify norfloxacin (NOR), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in poultry litter, soil, surface and subsurface water, sediment and evaluate the impact of these contamination on soil microbiota and aquatic organisms. Samples were collected in six farms in Piracicaba/SP region. Analyses of antibiotics in soil samples and poultry litter were performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array/ultraviolet detector (HPLC-DAD/UV) and in surface, subsurface water and sediment were performed by an online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS). The microbial soils activities were determined by radiorespirometry using 14C-glucose. The diversity and abundance of bacterial communities were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR/DGGE) and real-time PCR (qPCR). Acute toxicity tests were performed to aquatic organisms Daphnia magna and Danio rerio. It was found concentrations between 1.20 and 8.31 mg kg-1 of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in poultry litter and these antibiotics accumulated in time (up to 135 days). In soils, concentrations of FQs were between 10.2 and 325 ?g kg-1, these values were higher than the allowable levels (100 ?g kg-1). There were no direct effects on soil microbial activity, however there were reduction in abundance and diversity of bacterial community in some farms. In water samples the results were lower than the limit of quantification (20 ng L-1). In sediment, values of FQs were between 22.63 and 76.54 ng kg-1. Acute toxicity for D. magna (CE50-48 h) were 92.49 mg L-1 and 73.04 mg L-1 for ENR and NOR, respectively, and for Danio rerio LC50 (96h) was 190.9 mg L-1 for ENR. It was observed FQs leaching in soil up to 4 m depth. It was concluded that soil contamination impacts bacterial community. There was no contamination in superficias and subsurface waters. ENR and NOR only cause acute toxicity to aquatic organisms in higher concentrations than those found in the environment. These results suggest mitigation measures for contamination, as previous exposure of poultry litter to sunlight and the modernization of water systems, once the wastewater was an important vehicle for FQs to poultry litter and environment (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 10/14973-2 - Performance and environmental impact of norfloxacin antibiotic in the environment |
| Grantee: | Leila Aparecida Figueiredo |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |