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| Author(s): |
João Arthur Antonangelo
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2015-06-23 |
| Examining board members: |
Luis Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni;
Rafael Otto;
Fernando César Bachiega Zambrosi
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| Advisor: | Luis Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni |
| Abstract | |
Silicon (Si) is an element which is beneficial to plant development in that it provides a line of defense against attack by pests and disease as well, as ensure a plant posture that is more erect that increases their photosynthetic capacity. Silicon sources such as calciummagnesium silicates provide Si to the soil and act as acidity correctives. The accumulation of plant residues and fertilizers, even under a no-till system (NT), accelerates the process of soil acidification in the short term, especially in the uppermost surface layer. This process is continuous in moist tropical soils and results in a low level of nutrients and a high level of Al3+. As is the case under the conventional system of soil management, NT also requires the application of additives, especially acidity corrective materials. The application of silicate can interfere with the availability of Si to plants and the forms in which this element is found in soil solution. Silicic acid (H4SiO4) is the predominant form of Si found in acidic soils; and increases in the pH can cause deprotonation, which generates silicate anions (H3SiO4-). Studies related to Si in soils under NT are scarce, especially long-term experiments carried out under humid tropical conditions. Since 2002, a field experiment has been conducted on a dystroferric Oxisol under NT, where lime and calcium-magnesium silicate were surface applied. The contents of macronutrients and silicon available, as well as pH, basis total and basis saturation, cationic exchange capacity, organic matter, H+Al and Al3+, silicate minerals and Fe and Al oxides, were all determined 24 months after the correctives were applied. The ionic speciation of Al, Ca, Mg and Si took place in aqueous extract as well as the quantification of Al by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (27Al-NMR). The main oxides found were gibbsite, goethite and hematite. Unlike Ca and Mg, Al was not, for the most part, present in its free form Al3+ but complexed with dissolved organic carbon. Silicon was almost entirely in the form of H4SiO4, and its activity was similar to the concentration of this specie in solution. Quantitative analysis of 27Al-NMR has provided only peaks of Hexaaquaaluminium complex ([Al(H2O) 6]3+), with no species of organic-aluminum complexes. Samples with moderate to high levels of Al (27Al-NMR) were positively correlated with the total concentration of Al derived from the atomic emission spectroscopy analysis (ICP-AES). (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/18694-9 - Forms of silicon in an oxisol under no till system in function of surface application of calcium-magnesium silicate in experiment of long duration |
| Grantee: | João Arthur Antonangelo |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |