Fossil Elasmobranchii from Serra do Cadeado, Parana state (Rio do Rasto Formation, Upper Permian)

Author(s)

Carolina Rettondini Laurini

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2010-09-28

Examining board members

Max Cardoso Langer; Marcelo Rodrigues de Carvalho; Cristina Silveira Vega

• Advisor: Max Cardoso Langer

Abstract

Isolated shark teeth are found worldwide in both marine and continental rocks dating as far back as the lower Devonian (Lochkovian), some 409 mya. They are important as palaeoenvironmental proxies and provide valuable biostratigraphic data for global correlation. Teeth are the main record of fossil chondrichthyans, because they are composed of mineralized tissues with hydroxyl-apatite. Most shark teeth are basically made up of enameloid and ortho- and/or osteodentine. The chondrichthyan teeth dealt here were collected in Late Permian rocks of the Serra do Cadeado area in north of Paraná, Brazil, in the litoestratigrafic context of the Rio do Rasto Formation (Paraná Basin). These remains represent the first record of Chondrichthyans in the area, where there are important outcrops of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks, providing a important paleontological window to the Late Permian of South America. Following mechanical preparation of the collected samples eight nearly complete teeth and ten tooth fragments were isolated. In addition, some 100 dermal denticles were recovered after chemical preparation. The teeth show a Cladodont morphology, including a mesio-distally elongated multicusped crown with a central main cusp. The cusp and cusplets are disposed in line, some of which are slightly labio-lingually compressed. The crowns are ornamented with strong, straight to slightly curved ridges. Tooth bases are mesiodistally elongated, and there is a lingual torus at the base. Numerous small foramina form a row right below the crown-base junction, while irregular, large pores perforate the basal surface of the tooth base. Various methodologies were used to study the specimens, including thin sections, scanning electronic microscopy and CT-scan. The crow and base morphology of these teeth are reminiscent of those ascribed to hibodontiform sharks. (AU)