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| Author(s): |
Bruno Nobuya Katayama Gobara
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2015-08-26 |
| Examining board members: |
Helenice Mercier;
Mauro Alexandre Marabesi;
Rafael Silva Oliveira
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| Advisor: | Helenice Mercier |
| Abstract | |
Although water is the most abundant component in nature, it is also the most common limiting factor for plant growth. Drought stress is a major abiotic factor that affect living organisms, including epiphytes. This environmental signal acts strongly and selectively on the survival of plants. Some plant species have the ability to change their photosynthetic metabolism, being induced to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in response to water shortage. Vriesea gigantean is a C3 epiphyte tank bromeliad that may be subject to environmental variations such as the water seasonality. The facultative expression of CAM can be extremely important for this bromeliad deal with seasonal water restriction. CAM is an adaptation characterized mainly by the fixation of atmospheric carbon overnight by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), to power photosynthesis during daytime with closed stomata. As a result, the water use efficiency of CAM plants is higher than that of the plants that perform photosynthesis C3 or C4. CAM can be expressed in different intensities leading to the characterization of various types of CAM, such as C3-CAM facultative. Studies on the photosynthetic metabolism with Vriesea gigantean are rare in the literature. Although V. gigantean is considered a C3 plant, preliminary results obtained in our Laboratory using detached leaves suggested that this species would become CAM-cycling when well hydrated, while under water deficit it would express CAM-idling in the apical portion of the leaves. Therefore, in light of this apparent contradiction, we set out to further study the photosynthetic behavior of V. gigantean. Plants of this species (± 4 years) were submitted to drought for 7, 14 or 21 days by suspending watering in the tank. After the treatment, the leaves of this bromeliad were separated into 3 groups: young (G1) (1st to 7th node), intermediate (G2) (8th to 14th node) and mature (G3) (15th to 21th node). The parameters used for the analysis of CAM expression were the activities of the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), along with nighttime accumulation of organic acids (malate and citrate) in the different groups and leaf portions (apex, middle and base). To better understand the photosynthetic metabolism, there was a complementary 24-hour cycle, further detailing the dynamics of malate and citrate in V. gigantean leaves on the 21st day of water stress. To evaluate the water status of the plants, water potential and relative water content (TRA) were determined, the latter through the fresh, turgid and dry weight analysis. At the end of 21 days of watering suspension, the plants reached the lowest level of water potential, indicating that the plants were under drought stress. The drop in the TRA had already been noted, however, from the 14th day of water stress, intensifying in the 21th day. A tendency of water remobilization among the leaf tissues of the plant, especially from mature leaves (G3) to young leaves (G1) was observed. After 21 days of drought, the enzymatic activities of PEPC and MDH showed a behavior that did not follow a characteristic pattern of expression of CAM, i.e. a high nocturnal activity of PEPC and MDH in water stress situation. Initially it was found a nighttime accumulation of organic acids (citrate and malate) on the leaf groups G1, G2 and G3 during the 21 days of treatment. However, it was observed in a 24-hour quantification of organic acids that the variation of malate and citrate concentrations found initially was due to small fluctuations probably unrelated to CAM. Thus, it is suggested that V. gigantean can not undergo CAM as an avoidance strategy to drought. We observed an accumulation of soluble sugars over the 24 hour cycle in all leaf portions, indicating that Vriesea gigantean has perhaps efficient mechanisms to lower its water potential by accumulating compounds with osmorregulator function (glucose and fructose, for example). This strategy can be seen as an important mechanism that helps tolerate water stress during 21 days of watering suspension in the tank (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/22267-9 - Characterization of the capacity to induce CAM in plants of Vriesea gigantea (Bromeliaceae) under water deficit |
| Grantee: | Bruno Nobuya Katayama Gobara |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |