Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Danieli Aparecida Ferreira
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2003-09-10 |
| Examining board members: |
Tarcísio Barreto Celestino;
Antonio Airton Bortolucci;
João Bento de Hanai;
Paulo Roberto do Lago Helene;
Flávio Massayuki Kuwajima
|
| Advisor: | Tarcísio Barreto Celestino |
| Abstract | |
This work presents the results obtained by employing a physical method for the strength increase of shotcrete at early age. The method consists of applying electric gradient to the material during the first 5 hours and 30 minutes of hydration, starting immediately after spraying. The mechanical behavior of shotcrete subjected to electric gradient was evaluated at different ages in terms of unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus obtained from the response of structural models and on samples cored from the structural models. Shotcrete structural models were constructed in order to simulate internal forces resulting from ground mass - support interaction in underground works. Shotcrete in these models was sprayed directly on soil. It was thus possible to analyse the efficiency of the method when leakage currents occur through the soil. Model instrumentation alloed to evaluate the method efficiency in terms of shotcrete deformability. The evolution of elastic and creep strains were evaluated, as well as stress-independent strains since the beginning of hydration. Strength increase during the first 8 hours of age were observed both on panels shotcreted on wooden forms and directly on soil. The elastic modulus was also obtained from the analysis of the instantaneous strain reponse to the applied load. Improvement due to electric gradient was also found this way. Shotcrete rheology in terms instantaneous, delayed and creep strains was analyzed adopting the model proposed by SCHUBERT (1988). Improvement due to the electric gradient was found with respect to each of those strain components resulting from load applied at ages lower that 10h. Permanent strain after unloading was also reduced. The investigation of the phenomena responsible for the strength increase at early age due to the application of electric gradient to cement paste and mortar was carried out with the techniques of scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Microstructure changes were found in mortar speciments subjected to electric gradient, however without any change of hydrated products. Hydration rate changes were detected from diffractometric patterns of cement pastes subjected to electric gradient. (AU) | |