Post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) as antiviral therapy for rabies

Author(s)

Ekaterina Alexandrovna Durymanova Ono

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD)
• Defense date: 2015-03-20

Examining board members

Paulo Eduardo Brandão; Ana Marcia de Sá Guimarães; Juliana Galera Castilho Kawai; Keila Iamamoto Nogi; Leonardo José Richtzenhain

• Advisor: Paulo Eduardo Brandão

Abstract

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that affects all mammals and causes more than 55.000 human deaths every year, caused by rabies virus (RABV) a virus of the Mononegavirales order, Family Rhabdoviridae and the Lyssavirus genus. After the onset of the symptoms, the illness has a fast progression and the patients feel intense physical suffering. Currently, human rabies treatment has been based on the Milwaukee Protocol which consists on the induction of coma and massive antiviral therapy. Despite this protocol has been successful in two cases, including a Brazilian one, more studies on antivirals for human rabies treatment are required. RNA interference is a new antiviral approach, which gives hope to the possibility of rabies antiviral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the decrease in titres of rabies virus in vitro and in vivo using short-interfering RNAs. To this end, three siRNAs (siRNA 360, siRNA 652, and siRNA 649) were used with antisense strands complementary to rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) mRNA and three other (Le 1, Le 2, Le 3) to the leader RNA. Pasteur virus strain (PV) and strain 4005 (AgV3) of rabies virus and BHK-21 cells were used, and the monolayers were transfected with each of the RNAs with Lipofectamine-2000 TM. After 22 hours, the siRNA-treated and the control plates were tested by direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) with anti-rabies virus nucleocapsid antibody conjugate with fluorescein isothiocianate (Pasteur Insitutte, Brazil). The plates transfected with siRNA against phosphoprotein mRNA were also incubated for 48 hours and subjected to IFD assay. Virus titres were calculated by the Spearman-Karber method. The results showed that siRNAs against virus leader RNA were not able to inhibit the replication of the virus. The use of siRNAs against P mRNA resulting titres of 3.625logTCID50/ml 3.875logTCID50/ml and 4.125logTCID50/ml for siRNAs 360, 649 and 652, respectively, while, for the control plate, the titre was 4.0logTCID50/ml in plates with PV and 24h incubation period. In plates with strain 4005 and treated with siRNAs, the highest viral titre decrease was obtained with siRNA 360, with a 1.0 log difference compared to the control plate of strain 4005 incubated for 24h. The plates treated with siRNA 649 and siRNA 652 have was also shown a decrease in viral titres, but on a smaller scale (0.25log and 0.125log, respectively) compared to the control. The plates infected with PV and incubated for 48 hours showed titre of 5.625logTCID50/ml, 4.625logTCID50/ml and 4.75logTCID50%/ml for siRNAs 360, 649 and 652, respectively, while for the control plate the titre was 6.0logTCID50C%/ml. The plate with strain 4005 and then treated with siRNA360 and incubated for a total of 48h had the highest viral titre decrease among the three siRNAs, which resulted in a 1.125log difference compared to the control plate. In monolayers treated with siRNA649 and siRNA652 there was also a discrete drop in viral titres (0.875log and 0.295log, respectively) compared to the control plate. For the in vivo assay, 21-day old Swiss albino mice weighing between 11 and 14g were intracerebrally inoculated with PV or 4005 strains (10DL50%). Two hours after inoculation, a solution of siRNA360 with Lipofectamine 2000 TM was also intracerebrally injected. Mice presenting paralysis and those that survived the 30 days of observation were euthanized. The central nervous system of all animals was collected and submitted to IFD. The use of siRNA360 in mice resulted in survival of 30% of animals in the group inoculated with strain 4005, whereas 90% mortality was observed in the control group. In animals inoculated with the PV strain, and treated with siRNA360, the survival rate was 40% and in the control group the mortality was 100%. The results of the in vitro assay demonstrate that the siRNAs used are effective in inhibiting the replication of rabies virus with a more intense inhibition regarding siRNA 360. In vivo, this siRNA was able to induce partial protection of animals infected with both viral variants. These results also indicate that, despite the need for further studies, RNAi is a promising technology as antiviral against rabies (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/00439-7 - Pos-transcriptional gene silencing with RNA interference (RNAi) as antiviral therapy for rabies
• Grantee: Ekaterina Alexandrovna Durymanova Ono
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate