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Development of electrochemical detector for high performance liquid chromatography based on a modified electrode with metal nanoparticles for carboxylic acids determination in sugar cane vinasse

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Author(s):
Graziela Cristina Sedenho
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Master's Dissertation
Press: Araraquara. 2016-02-16.
Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Instituto de Química. Araraquara
Defense date:
Advisor: Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
Abstract

Ethanol is an important component of the Brazilian energy matrix, being produced from sugarcane. In this producing procedure, vinasse is produced as by-product, which for every 1 L of ethanol is generated from 12 L to 18 L. The vinasse is basically composed by salts of potassium, calcium and magnesium and organic compounds. Among these, carboxylic acids are important because they are present in significant concentrations in the sugar cane vinasse and show significant industrial importance. Thus, in this work it was developed an electrochemical detector based on boron-doped diamond electrodes chemically modified with nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs-BDD) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs-BDD) for the determination of lactic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid in vinasse from sugarcane using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by ion exchange. Images of scanning electron microscopy and spectra of energy-dispersive X-ray in conjuction with electrochemical experiments showed the electrodes of BDD were effectively modified with nickel oxide-hydroxide nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles with diameters of 89 nm and 91 nm, respectively. The voltammetric studies showed the oxidations of lactic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid, in basic medium, tooke place at potentials around 0.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and 0.73 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at NiNPs-BDD and CuNPs-BDD electrodes, respectively, and they are mediated by Ni3+ and Cu3+ species. NiNPs-BDD electrode was used in HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection. The anion exchange column CarboPac PA1 was used for separation of carboxylic acids in vinasse. It was employed as mobile phase deionized water and 0.10 mol L-1 NaOH in 0.25 mol L-1 CH3COONa under flow of 1.0 mL min-1. The detection potential was 0.48 V vs. Pd. The NiNPs-BDD electrode showed good stability under chromatographic conditions, becoming feasible its use as amperometric detector for HPLC. The analysis time was 27 min and no complex and expensive sample preparation procedure was required. The analytical sensitivities were 7.5 × 103 nA mol-1 L, 3.5 × 104 L mol-1 nA and 5.4 × 105 L mol-1 nA for lactic, malic and tartaric acids. The detection limits were 1.2 × 10-4 mol L-1, 6.1 × 10-5 mol L-1 and 2.8 × 10-5 mol L-1, respectively. The concentrations of the carboxylic acids in sugar cane vinasse were determined by the standard addition method to be (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10-1 mol L-1, (2.7 ± 0.6) × 10-3 mol L-1 and (9.9 ± 1.0) × 10-4 mol L-1 for lactic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid, respectively. Recovery tests showed the analytical method has good accuracy, being considered suitable for the detection and quantification of lactic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid in sugarcane vinasse. CuNPs-BDD electrode was used in the amperometric cell of the chromatograph, however it did not show good stability in the chromatographic conditions, and it could not be employed in the determination of compounds of interest in sugarcane vinasse. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 13/09833-5 - Development of electrochemical detector for high performance liquid chromatography based on a modified electrode with metal nanoparticles for carboxylic acids determination in sugar cane vinasse
Grantee:Graziela Cristina Sedenho
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master