Structural and functional studies of beta-galactosidases enzymes from bacteria

Author(s)

Andre Schützer de Godoy

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Carlos.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC/BT)
• Defense date: 2016-08-29

Examining board members

Alessandro Silva Nascimento; Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni; Yvonne Primerano Mascarenhas; Mario Tyago Murakami; Flávio Henrique da Silva

• Advisor: Igor Polikarpov; Cesar Moises Camilo

Abstract

The β-galactosidases are glycosyl hydrolases that act at the β(1→4) bonds from galactosides, with lactose as the main natural substrate. The use of such enzymes in both science and industry is very common, due its high biotechnological applicability. Beside its hydrolytic capacity, the β-galactosidases are also commonly used for the synthesis of galactoligossacharydes, well-known prebiotics. The focus of this project was to study β-galactosidases with high biotechnological potential. For that, genes from the organisms Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, e Bifidumbacterium bifidum were selected due the high β-galactosidic activity of those organisms, according previous works. Such genes were cloned, and four of them were expressed, crystalized and had its x-ray structure determined. The enzyme BbgII was solved applying the single anomalous diffraction method. Its structure shows a trimer forming a barrel, in which it was also possible to observe interactions between residues of the active site and galactose. The native and site direct mutants were biochemically characterized, revealing important features and the different roles of amino acids of active site. We also solved the structure of the enzymes XCC_1754, XCC_2404 and XCC_2895. The enzyme XCC_1754 showed a significant difference between the loop 11 of the two monomers at the asymmetric unit. This loop presented both open and closed conformations, which we believe it was caused by glycines 294 and 302, acting as a hinge. Despite the mutant G294P exhibited a decrease in enzyme affinity for the substrate, its general activity increased up to 50%. Meanwhile, the mutant G302P has gain affinity for the substrates, but it fails into process the substrate efficiently. The enzyme XCC_2895 shows three domains, but its biochemical properties are similar to the enzyme XCC_1754. Although there is still a need for further studies to be able to compare the enzymes, we believe that the higher thermal stability of XCC_2404 compared to XCC_1754 could be related to the formation of large oligomers. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/05712-3 - Structural and functional studies of beta-galactosidases from Xanthomonas campestris
• Grantee: Andre Schutzer de Godoy
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)