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| Author(s): |
Luiza de Oliveira Saad
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2017-02-17 |
| Examining board members: |
José Eduardo Amoroso Rodriguez Marian;
Fernando Jesús Carbayo Baz;
Fernando José Zara
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| Advisor: | José Eduardo Amoroso Rodriguez Marian |
| Abstract | |
Sexual selection exerts a significant pressure on the evolution of reproductive attributes. Males show a diverse array of strategies to gain advantage in mating and fertilization success, but females also play a crucial role in pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection processes. Within this context, cephalopod mollusks show peculiar reproductive strategies, including sperm transfer via spermatophores, and the presence of female sperm-storage organs (seminal receptacles). However, the knowledge of the functioning of the cephalopod seminal receptacles is scarce, the mechanisms involved with sperm uptake, storage and release being unknown. To shed light on post-copulatory mechanisms in cephalopods, the present dissertation aimed at investigating the structure and function of the seminal receptacle of the squid Doryteuthis plei. To achieve this goal, the morphology of the seminal receptacle was thoroughly analyzed applying integrative microscopy (light microscopy including histochemical techniques, scanning & transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscpy and microCT). Moreover, to investigate morphological and sperm volume changes associated with possible mechanisms of sperm uptake, storage and release by the organ, the morphology and histology/histochemistry of the seminal receptacle was also analyzed under three distinct experimental manipulations: (1) before recent mating (2) after recent mating (and before egg release) and (3) after egg release. The results show a complex and striking diversity of secretory cells and associated muscle fibers in the seminal receptacle. There were changes in the composition and predominance of secretory cells between major reproductive events, suggesting a secretory activity associated with mating and spawning. The possible roles of these secretions in sperm uptake, storage and release are discussed in light of our data. Moreover, the structure of the nervous and muscular systems associated with the receptacle suggests that females have control over precise deformations of the organ, possibly related to sperm uptake and release. However, other mechanisms would be possible, such as chemical attraction, sperm active swimming, and ciliary action. Seminal receptacles were sometimes found with spermatangia (i.e., everted spermatophores) blocking totally or partially their openings. Given their frequency, position, and morphology, we hypothesize spermatangia might function as copulatory plugs that physically obstruct the female storage organ. Plug efficiency should be high within the first 24 hours after mating, gradually decreasing its efficiency with time, when spermatangia lose their turgidity by releasing part of their sperm content. Although copulatory plugs have been reported for numerous taxa, this is the first record for cephalopods, and as such this finding has an impact for sexual selection studies based on these mollusks. Cephalopods are considered interesting models to investigate sexual selection, and this study has cast some light on the understanding of complex post-copulatory mechanisms in squids, such as cryptic female choice and sperm competition (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 14/11008-5 - Function and evolution of the seminal receptacle in Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): unraveling postcopulatory sexual selection mechanisms in cephalopods |
| Grantee: | Luiza de Oliveira Saad |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |