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| Author(s): |
Alexandre José Christino Quaresma
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2008-08-02 |
| Examining board members: |
Jörg Kobarg;
Avram Michael Slovic;
Sandro Roberto Valentini;
Gustavo Henrique Goldaman;
Janete Maria Cerutti
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| Advisor: | Jörg Kobarg |
| Abstract | |
The members of the hnRNPs family (heterogenous nuclear ribonuclein proteins) play important roles in gene expression control and mRNAs metabolism. The proteins hnRNPD (AUF1) and hnRNPQ (NSAP1) were the main targets of this study. AUF1 has two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and participates in the process of destabilization of a class of mRNAs that contain AU-rich sequences in their 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTR). We found, using the ¿yeast two-hybrid system¿ (Y2HS), that the isoform p37 of AUF1 (AUF1p37) interacts with the proteins: hnRNPQ, IMP-2, NSEP1 (YB-1) and UBC9. Moreover, the protein hnRNPQ was also identified as a prey protein in another Y2HS screen, which used as bait the human protein Arginine methyltransferase (PRMT1). HnRNPQ presents, in its C-terminal region, an "Arginine/Glicine-rich sequence" (RGG box). We are able to show that this RGG box is a target for methylation by PRMT1 in vitro and is methylated in vivo. Functionally, this methylation is important for its nuclear localization. hnRNPQ has a modular organization with an acid domain (AcD) in its N-terminal, followed by three RNA-binding domains (RRM) and the previously mentioned RGG box in its C-terminal. Functionally, hnRNPQ is involved in diverse aspects of RNA metabolism, including editing of the mRNA encoding the human protein ApoB. It has been shown previously to interact with the mRNA of ApoB, and also with the editing enzyme Apobec1 and the Apobec1 activation protein (ACF1). Here we show that the acid domain of hnRNPQ mediates the interaction with Apobec1 and that its in vitro phosphorylation (by PKC) inhibits this interaction. Furthermore, we found that hnRNPQ interacts with members the heat shock family of proteins (including HSP70 and BiP), and demonstrated that hnRNPQ can be in vitro phosphorylated by PKCd. Finally, we discovered that the sub-cellular localization of hnRNPQ undergoes modification after activation of PKC pathways. This also occurs after application of endoplasmic reticulum stress (using tarpsigargin), oxidative or heat stress. Under all of these conditions hnRNPQ translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is found at defined vesicles or granules. In summary, our data suggest that the diverse functions of hnRNPQ in the context of mRNA metabolism, may suffer specific regulations, by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and methylation, which modify both the proteins sub-cellular localizations as well as its affinity to interacting protein partners (AU) | |